A 50-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4 presents with anemia
A 50-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4 presents with anemia. Which of the following is the primary cause of anemia in CKD?
A. Iron deficiency
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Erythropoietin deficiency
D. Blood loss from dialysis
Answer: C
Explanation: The kidneys are the main site of erythropoietin (EPO) production. In CKD, reduced renal function leads to decreased EPO secretion, which impairs red blood cell production—this is the primary cause of anemia in CKD. Iron deficiency and vitamin B12 deficiency may contribute but are not the main causes (A, B are incorrect). Blood loss from dialysis is a secondary factor (D is incorrect).
